This is a "Vacation Essay" I wrote for University, it was written in a bit of a haste so it unfortunately lacks any kind of rigorous maths and pictures! You can read it here. I was hoping to be allowed to write one on neural networks in particle physics, but it did not happen. The reading list for the beginnings of that essay are here.
Gas detectors: Recent developments and future perspectives published in 1999, suggests improvements and talks about the then current state of things. suggestst that micro-gap, narrow-gap and micro-dot detectors mite be able to solve some of micro-stip detector problems.
Development of Gas Micro-strip Chambers for High Rate Radiation Detection and Tracking
The Particle Detector BriefBook its a bit out of date i would guess as books are but still a very good collection of references for stuff related to detectors
Introduction
- Essay talks about gas detectors
- Field started about 100 years ago by rutherford and geiger, lead to geiger-mueller counter[Geiger, H., Müller, W. (1928) Phys. Zeits., 29, p. 839]
- Will discuss basic ideas behind them, different models(multi-wire proportional chamber,
- drift chamber, straw tubes, time projection chambers and micro-strip gas chambers)
multi wire proportional chamber was invented by G. Charpak[Nuclear Instruments & Methods Volume 62, Issue 3, 1 July 1968, Pages 262-268], won 1992 nobel prize.
- state of the art now is micro-strip gas chamber(built in 1998 by A. Oed)
Common theme
Charged particle travels through a gas, ionizes the molecules. Applied electric field causes the ions to seperate from the created electrons. Divided into two parts, drift part and detection part. In detection part very strong electric field which causes avalanche(gas multiplication). Signal is still proportional to amount of ionisation events. Make sure to mention that the electrons dont really cause a signal but rather the ions as they are much slower.(book and review say it so it must be true) Lots of Straw tubes packed together offer high rate capability, high resolution(150mu m) Drift chambers are slower than MWPC because of longer drift time but better spatial resolution(~50 mu m), less wires, even better resolution at higher than atmospheric pressure
Time projection chamber
variation of a simple drift chamber. uses readout detectors on one wall at the end of drift volume.
Micro-strip gas chamber
has reliability problems.
A position-sensitive detector of a new type has been developed. A microstrip anode replaces the wires generally used for electron multiplication with gases. The microstrips which are fixed on a glass substrate are produced by means of photolithography. The applied electric potential alternates between each strip. With a position-sensitive neutron detector equipped with this new type of anode a counting rate of 2.3 MHz/cm2 has been measured. The microstrip anode combines the improved qualities of a proportional counter with certain properties of a photomultiplier tube.
resolution of 30mu m, comparable to sillicon detectors, much cheaper, higher radiation resistance, higher signal/noise ratio,